POPULAR NAME(S) WORLDWIDE
- Scientific Name: Astragalus membranaceus.
- Common Names in English: Chinese Milk Vetch, Milk Vetch, Mongolian Milkvetch, Membranous Milkvetch.
- Regional and Traditional Names: Chinese: Huang Qi, Bei Qi, Buck Qi, Japanese: Ogi, Korean: Hwanggi, Russian: Kopeechnik, French: Astragale, Astragale, Astragale, Hindi/Urdu: Huang Qi (borrowed from Chinese), Persian: Behman-e-Chini.
- Alternative Spellings & Variants: Astragali, Astragalo, Astragalus Mongholicus, Astragli Membranceus, Beg Kei, Huang Se, Phaca Membranacea, Radix Astragali, Radix Astragalus.
OVERVIEW
The word Astragalus comes from the Greek word “astragalos,” which means “ankle bone” or “knucklebone.” Ancient people named it Astragalus because its seeds looked like small bones.
Astragalus is a flowering plant used in Chinese traditional medicine for centuries. It belongs to the Fabaceae (legume) family and has over 2,000 species, but Astragalus membranaceus is the most common for medicinal use.
The roots of Astragalus are used in herbal medicine. These roots are dried and made into powders, teas, capsules, and extracts. It is an adaptogenic herb, meaning it helps the body resist stress and restore balance.
People use Astragalus to treat fatigue, allergies, common colds, hay fever, diabetes, and kidney diseases. It is often mixed with other herbs to increase its effects. The use of COVID-19 is not supported by any evidence.
USES AND HEALTH BENEFITS
Astragalus is widely used in herbal medicine for its immune-boosting, anti-inflammatory, and energy-enhancing properties.
Boosts Immunity: Strengthens the body’s defence system against infections and seasonal illnesses.
Increases Energy: Reduces fatigue and enhances stamina.
Prevents Colds & Flu: Helps the body fight off respiratory infections.
Supports Respiratory Health: Eases allergies, asthma, and hay fever.
Regulates Blood Sugar: Helps control diabetes by balancing glucose levels.
Protects Kidney Function: Slows the progression of kidney disease and reduces damage.
Improves Heart Health: Lowers blood pressure and supports healthy circulation.
Aids Liver Detoxification: Helps remove harmful toxins from the body.
Reduces Stress and Anxiety: Works as an adaptogen to restore balance and mental well-being.
Slows Ageing: Fights cell damage with powerful antioxidants.
Promotes Wound Healing: Speeds up recovery from cuts and injuries.
How to Use Astragalus Astragalus root is available in various forms: Tea: Brew dried Astragalus root in hot water. Capsules/Tablets: Take as a daily supplement. Powder: Mix with smoothies, soups, or drinks. Liquid Extracts/Tinctures: Use concentrated drops for stronger effects. Astragalus is often combined with ginseng or licorice root for enhanced benefits.
POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS
Astragalus is safe for most, but high doses or certain conditions may cause side effects.
- Digestive Issues: May cause nausea, diarrhoea, or bloating.
- Allergic Reactions: Can trigger itching, rashes, or breathing difficulties.
- Low Blood Sugar: May drop glucose levels too much, especially with diabetes medication.
- Low Blood Pressure: Can reduce blood pressure excessively when combined with medication.
- Immune Overstimulation: May worsen autoimmune diseases like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.
- Interference with Immunosuppressants: Can weaken the effects of transplant medications.
- Unsafe During Pregnancy & Breastfeeding: No reliable studies confirm its safety.
- Increased Bleeding Risk: May interact with blood thinners like warfarin.
Who Should Avoid Astragalus? Autoimmune conditions: May trigger flare-ups. Organ transplant recipients: Can reduce medication effectiveness. Pregnancy & breastfeeding: Safety remains unproven. No human data available; avoid it. Diabetes & hypertension: Can interfere with medications. Blood clotting disorders: May increase bleeding risk.
DOSAGE
The right dosage depends on age, health condition, and the form of Astragalus used. It is best to start with a low dose and adjust as needed.
1. Dried Astragalus Root (Tea or Decoction)
General Immune Support: 9–15 grams per day (boiled in water for tea)
For Chronic Conditions (e.g., kidney disease, diabetes): 15–30 grams per day
How to Use:
- Boil dried root slices in 2–3 cups of water for 20–30 minutes.
- Strain and drink 1–2 cups daily.
- You can mix it with honey or ginger for added benefits.
2. Astragalus Capsules or Tablets
General Health & Energy Boost: 500–1,000 mg per day (divided into 2 doses)
For Specific Health Issues (e.g., immune support, diabetes): 1,000–1,500 mg per day
How to Use:
- Take with a meal to improve absorption.
- Drink plenty of water to aid digestion.
3. Astragalus Powder
General Use: 2–6 grams per day (1/2 to 1 teaspoon)
For Specific Conditions: Up to 10 grams per day (only under medical supervision)
How to Use:
- Mix in smoothies, soups, or herbal teas.
- Blend with honey or yoghurt for easier consumption.
4. Astragalus Liquid Extract (Tincture)
Mild Health Support: 2–4 ml, 2–3 times daily
For Stronger Effects: 5–10 mL per day (only with doctor’s approval)
How to Use:
- Add to water, juice, or tea before drinking.
- Shake well before use for even concentration.
5. Astragalus Combination with Other Herbs
Often mixed with ginseng for energy, liquorice root for digestion, or echinacea for immunity.
Dosage Tips Start with the lowest dose and observe the effects. Do not exceed 30 grams per day in any form. Consult a doctor if using long-term or for chronic diseases. Stop use two weeks before surgery to prevent bleeding risks.
Special Precautions and Warnings
Astragalus is generally safe, but some conditions require extra caution. Taking high doses or using it for a long time may cause side effects.
1. Autoimmune Diseases
Astragalus is a herb that strengthens the immune system. But if those who have an autoimmune disease, like lupus, multiple sclerosis (MS), or rheumatoid arthritis, it may make their condition worse.
In autoimmune diseases, the immune system is already overactive and attacks the body’s cells. Taking Astragalus could make the immune system even more active, which may worsen the disease or reduce the effect of prescribed medicines. So, if someone has an autoimmune disease, they should avoid Astragalus or consult their doctor before using it.
2. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Pregnant women or those breastfeeding their babies should not take Astragalus. This herb contains certain components that may stimulate the uterus. Studies suggest it could increase the risk of miscarriage. So far, there is not enough strong research to prove that Astragalus is safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It is also unclear whether it affects the newborn or the mother’s milk. Therefore, pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid taking Astragalus.
3. Organ Transplant Recipients
After a transplant, doctors prescribe immunosuppressant drugs (like cyclosporine and tacrolimus) to weaken the immune system so that the body does not reject the new organ.
If Astragalus is taken, it may boost the immune system too much, reducing the effect of these medicines. This could cause the body to reject the new organ and lead to transplant failure. That’s why people who have had a kidney, liver, or heart transplant should avoid taking Astragalus.
4. Blood Pressure Issues
Astragalus may lower blood pressure. When taken with antihypertensive drugs like losartan or amlodipine, it may cause dizziness, weakness, or fainting. Those with low blood pressure should use it carefully and check their levels often.
5. Diabetes and Blood Sugar Levels
Astragalus is a herb that lowers blood sugar. If someone is already taking diabetes medicine, like insulin or metformin, Astragalus may increase the effect of these medicines. If blood sugar drops too much (this is called hypoglycemia), it can cause dizziness, weakness, and even fainting.
So, people with diabetes should check their blood sugar regularly and adjust their medication dose if needed.
6. Bleeding Disorders and Surgery
Astragalus may lower blood pressure. If someone is already taking blood pressure medicine (like losartan or amlodipine), it could make their pressure drop too much. This can cause dizziness, weakness, or even fainting. Those who already have low blood pressure should use Astragalus very carefully and check their blood pressure regularly.
7. Allergic Reactions
Some people may develop skin rashes, itching, or breathing difficulties after using Astragalus. Those allergic to legumes (Fabaceae family), such as peanuts and soybeans, may have a higher risk of allergic reactions.
General Safety Tips
- Always start with a low dose and monitor for side effects.
Consult a doctor if taking medications for immune suppression, blood sugar, or blood pressure. - Stop use if experiencing severe dizziness, nausea, or allergic reactions.
- Avoid combining Astragalus with multiple herbal supplements that affect immunity, blood sugar, or blood pressure.
POTENTIAL DRUG INTERACTIONS
Astragalus interacts with various medications, potentially increasing side effects or altering drug effectiveness. Always consult a healthcare provider before combining it with other medications.
1. Immunosuppressants Interact with Astragalus
Astragalus boosts immune function, which may reduce the effectiveness of immunosuppressive drugs like cyclosporine and tacrolimus. This interaction can increase the risk of organ rejection in transplant patients or interfere with treatments for autoimmune diseases. Avoid Astragalus if taking immunosuppressants.
2. Diabetes Medications Interact with Astragalus
Astragalus lowers blood sugar levels, which can enhance the effects of diabetes medications like insulin or metformin. This may cause hypoglycemia, leading to dizziness, weakness, confusion, or fainting. Patients with diabetes should monitor their blood sugar closely and consult a doctor before using Astragalus.
3. Blood Pressure Medications Interact with Astragalus
This herb naturally lowers blood pressure, which can increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs like losartan, amlodipine, or lisinopril. This may result in dangerously low blood pressure (hypotension), causing dizziness, fainting, or blurred vision. Patients on blood pressure medication should use Astragalus with caution.
4. Blood Thinners (Anticoagulants & Antiplatelets) Interact with Astragalus
Astragalus has mild blood-thinning properties, which may increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulants like warfarin, aspirin, or clopidogrel. This can cause excessive bruising, prolonged bleeding, or internal haemorrhaging. Patients on blood thinners should consult a doctor before using Astragalus.
5. Corticosteroids Interact with Astragalus
Astragalus strengthens the immune system, which may reduce the effectiveness of corticosteroids like prednisone or dexamethasone. This interaction may weaken anti-inflammatory effects and interfere with treatments for conditions like asthma, arthritis, or autoimmune disorders. Patients on corticosteroids should consult a doctor before use.
6. Diuretics (Water Pills) Interact with Astragalus
Astragalus has natural diuretic properties, increasing urine production. When taken with diuretics like furosemide (Lasix) or hydrochlorothiazide, it may cause excessive fluid loss, dehydration, or electrolyte imbalances, leading to fatigue, dizziness, or irregular heartbeat. Patients using diuretics should stay hydrated and monitor electrolyte levels.
7. Chemotherapy Drugs Interact with Astragalus
Some studies suggest Astragalus may reduce chemotherapy side effects, but it can also interfere with chemotherapy drugs like cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, or methotrexate. It may alter drug metabolism and lower treatment effectiveness. Cancer patients should consult their oncologist before using Astragalus.
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